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In sub-Saharan Africa, high female labor force participation alongside high fertility contrasts with standard models of fertility transitions, which predict declining fertility as women’s opportunity cost of time rises. One possible explanation lies in the nature of work: most women are self-employed in the informal sector, while formal wage jobs remain scarce, and their effects on fertility are not well understood. The net effect is theoretically ambiguous: wage jobs may reduce fertility by imposing greater time constraints or weakening the old-age support motive, but higher earnings could also help women achieve their fertility goals. To address this question, we track fertility outcomes over eight years for women who had applied for factory jobs and were randomly offered employment through an experiment in Ethiopia. Our analysis tests whether access to wage employment alters realized fertility, and explores potential mechanisms including income effects, time constraints, and changes in fertility preferences.